Dwarfism is a condition of short stature that may be due to genetic or medical reasons.

Types:

There are two main types of dwarfism:

• Proportionate dwarfism – a general lack of growth, where the length of the trunk and limbs are in proportion
• Disproportionate dwarfism – where the limbs are shorter or out of proportion with other parts of the body

Complications:

The most common complications associated with disproportionate dwarfism are:

• bowed legs
• arthritis
• progressive hunching of the back
• narrowed channel in the lower spine, resulting in pressure on the spinal cord (spinal stenosis)
• spinal pressure at the base of the skull
• excess brain fluid (hydrocephalus)
• sleep apnea
• delays in motor skills development as a baby
• weight gain that can place more strain on the spine and joints

Pregnancy in those with dwarfism can present its own set of potential complications, including respiratory problems. A cesarean delivery is usually necessary, because the size of the pelvic region won’t allow for a vaginal delivery.